How to Become a Psychiatrist

The path to becoming a psychiatrist is long, yet fulfilling. As you find happiness in pursuing what you love, you’ll learn how to guide others down that same path. Psychiatrists do so by diagnosing, treating, and alleviating or helping prevent their patients’ emotional and behavioral disorders. They use a variety of treatments, including psychotherapy and medication, in order to achieve such goals.

If this sounds interesting to you, keep on reading to learn how to become a psychiatrist!

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What is a psychiatrist? 

Great question! Essentially, psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in mental health. They use a wide variety of treatments and strategies, including prescribing medication, in order to help their patients overcome emotional and behavioral disorders. Often, psychiatrists work in teams with medical doctors, social workers, and other professionals. 

And that’s the gist of it! However, you may be wondering what exactly makes the psychiatrist profession different from others in the mental health field. If so, let’s take a look.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist, psychologist, and therapist?

There are many professions within the mental health field. Some among them include psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists. What exactly sets them apart, though? Good question! As they all share some similarities, it’s not uncommon for people to get them confused. So, to clear everything up and make sure you’re on the right track, let’s dissect the differences (and similarities)!

To set the stage, let’s start off with some basic similarities and differences between psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists:

• There are several different types of each one (that specialize in different areas)
• All positions will require at least a bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field (at minimum)
• Most therapists will also require a master’s degree (in psychology or a related field)
• Earning a Ph.D or Psy.D will make you a more desirable job candidate if you wish to become a therapist but is necessary to become a psychologist
• Psychiatrists are required to complete medical school, whereas therapists and psychologists are not
• Therapists and psychologists generally must have completed a certain number of supervised clinical hours to obtain licensure
  • Psychiatrists obtain all their necessary hours while in school and typically do not have to seek out other clinical experiences
• Each profession allows one to work with and treat patients, although through different methods and in different settings

That covers most of the schooling information! Now, let’s get into what makes each one unique, starting with psychiatrists. 

Psychiatrist

If you’ve read up to this point, you probably already have a general idea of what a psychiatrist is. They’re medical professionals specializing in psychiatry or mental health who are able to prescribe medication, something that most other mental health professionals cannot do. Psychiatrists also have the choice of engaging in psychotherapy or “talk-therapy” with their clients, but this role is more often taken on by psychologists or therapists. 

In order to become a psychiatrist, one must attain their bachelor’s degree, medical school degree, and complete residency! After becoming licensed and receiving board certification, psychiatrists may also choose to specialize in a number of subfields. We’ll get more into the process of becoming a psychiatrist later, though. 

For now, let’s move onto psychologists!

Psychologists

Psychologists typically conduct research, diagnose disorders, and supervise research assistants. They generally only work with patients needing help in their specific field of expertise. They may also teach at universities if they choose to. While psychologists may seem very similar to psychiatrists on the outside, this is only somewhat true. Both work in the mental health field to help their patients overcome their disorders or other struggles, one way or another. However, the professions and the degree pathways are actually quite different.

While psychiatrists must attend medical school and are considered medical professionals, psychologists are non-physician professionals who must complete a doctoral degree (a Ph.D or Psy.D). Thus, psychiatrists typically work with patients while psychologists work with clients. For the last difference, psychologists cannot prescribe medication. 

While psychiatrists and psychologists typically take longer to become than therapists, all those extra years of schooling and work open you up to more job opportunities. They also will earn you the title of doctor! Just bear in mind that psychiatrists are medical doctors whereas psychologists are doctors in the sense that they’ve earned a doctoral degree.

Therapists

Last, but certainly not least, are therapists! Therapists most often conduct psychotherapy with their clients through private one-on-one sessions. However, they may also work with specific groups or whole communities at a time depending on their specialization. Some of these specializations include marriage and family therapy, occupational therapy, and adolescent/child therapy. 

No matter their specialization of choice, therapists generally need at least a master’s degree. Like psychologists, they typically specialize and see patients in their specific field of practice. If becoming a therapist seems more up your alley, we’d recommend checking out “How to become a therapist”!

And that’s it! We hope that cleared up any confusion. If a psychiatrist was the job you were thinking of, let’s move onto how you can become one!

Step-by-step outline on how to become a psychiatrist

The journey to becoming a psychiatrist takes quite a bit of time: 12 years. Over that time, you’ll be expected to complete your bachelor’s degree, medical school, and even a residency. While this may seem like a very long commitment, just remember that this will help fully prepare you for the job of your dreams. So, let’s start!

1. Obtain a bachelor’s degree

Your first step towards becoming a psychiatrist would be to obtain a bachelor’s of science degree from an accredited university. As for majors, psychology, physical sciences, and any pre-med track are common options. Though, making sure to take and excel in your pre-med courses will likely be more important than the specific major you choose. Thus, we would highly recommend taking courses required to get into medical school such as biology, chemistry, and mathematics. 

There are also several other ways to boost your chances of acceptance into medical school during undergrad, including:

• Volunteering at mental health clinics
• Completing an internship at a local hospital
• Joining psychiatric or pre-medical organizations

No matter what you get involved in, we would definitely recommend at least gaining some experience working with patients with mental health issues. This way, you’ll learn how to best help these patients and can confirm whether or not psychiatry is the right career for you. 

2. Prepare for and pass the MCAT

Whether during undergrad or right after, your next step would be to prepare for and pass the MCAT (Medical Colleges Admissions Test). This exam is a multiple-choice examination testing individuals on their knowledge of the physical sciences, biological science, oral reasoning, and writing. While medical schools will certainly take a student’s whole application into consideration, passing the MCAT is certainly an important part of it.

Generally, schools will consider a score of 511 (out of 528 total) acceptable. However, specific schools may have higher or lower standards depending on their selectiveness. For this reason, we would highly recommend checking out the typical MCAT scores of students accepted to your prospective schools and trying to match those scores. 

If you sense you’ll need some help doing this, we recommend checking out the following study resources:

• Prepare for the MCAT exam
• Khan Academy: MCAT test prep
• Kaplan MCAT practice tests
• Princeton Review (free) biology courses and MCAT practice test

We hope these help! Once you sense you’re ready for the exam, you can sign up on the AAMC website. We would also recommend planning to take the exam at least one year before you start medical school. This is so you’ll have time to take and retake the exam if need be before your applications are due. The MCAT can be taken three times in a single year, four times over the course of two years, or seven years in one’s lifetime. 

Alternatively, if you wish to not take the test, just remember that there are also a limited number of medical schools that do not require the MCAT. Either way, we wish you good luck with your medical school admissions!

3. Complete medical school

Congratulations on your acceptance into medical school(s)! Your next step is to complete medical school and obtain either a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree. M.D.’s typically offer allopathic treatments addressing specific symptoms of a disease. D.O.’s, on the other hand, view the body as an integrated entity and address conditions from a variety of lifestyle and medical perspectives.

Typically, medical school takes four years to complete. The first two years normally take place inside classrooms and laboratories where students take classes in subjects like anatomy, pharmacology, chemistry, medicine, and even neuroscience. Once someone reaches their final two years of medical school, they typically are expected to start accumulating some clinical hours and real-life experiences. Your school will likely help arrange this, assigning you to a hospital or clinic where you’ll be required to diagnose and treat medical conditions under the supervision of an experienced physician. Depending on your school, you may also be required to complete a clinical clerkship. These are designed to train you in a variety of specialities, including (but not limited to) surgery, neurology, and family medicine.

As a last note, medical school can be quite costly. If you sense you’ll need helping paying for it, we recommend checking out these helpful resources:

• How to attend medical school for free guide
• Top medical school scholarships

4. Complete a residency

After graduating from medical school, those wishing to become psychiatrists must complete a residency program in a clinic or hospital. Somewhat like medical school, psychiatric residency programs last four years and consist of a combination of lecture-based learning and practical application. However, residencies go further into real-world experience, as students will likely spend most of their time within a clinic or hospital setting. They will also gain much experience diagnosing and treating conditions in patients.

The initial part of one’s residency occurs during general medical rotations. Students can expect to first focus on neurology for a few months, then get into psychiatry. This time learning about psychiatry will likely include a year of inpatient (requiring a patient to stay in a hospital overnight) psychiatry followed by a year of outpatient (not requiring a patient to stay in a hospital overnight) psychiatry. Near the end of your residency, you will be able to study and focus on a particular specialty of your choice. 

During one’s residency, they will learn and work with patients with a wide variety of mental health conditions. These may include bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, dementia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and more.

5. Complete a fellowship (optional)

After finishing your residency, you have the option of completing a fellowship as well. While not necessary in order to become a psychiatrist, finishing a fellowship will allow you to specialize in a subfield of psychiatry. Among these include forensic psychiatry, addictions, child and adolescent psychiatry, geriatric psychiatry, and even psychosomatic medicine.

Luckily, fellowships only take one year to complete! They typically involve a combination of seminars, courses, research, conferences, and some clinical work through assigned rotations.

6. Obtain a medical license

Now’s the time to earn your medical license! In all states, you must obtain a license through your state’s medical board to legally practice psychiatry. While the specific requirements will vary by state, individuals must pass an exam that tests their knowledge of medical practices and state policies. Generally, those who graduate with an M.D. must take the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). Those who graduate with a D.O., on the other hand, normally need to take the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA).

To find out your state’s requirements for obtaining a psychiatry license, check out these state-specific requirements for initial medical licensure. Also bear in mind that you may have to register with your state if you plan on prescribing or disbursing medication to your patients.

7. Become board certified

We’re almost done! A recommended next step would be to become certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN). Although this is not required, it helps demonstrate your knowledge and competence in psychiatry. This will look good to patients and employers alike, possibly helping your employment opportunities.

In order to gain certification, individuals must pass required testing, complete training, and meet minimum educational requirements. Medical licensure and completion of a residency program is also needed. Lastly, you must have earned an M.D. or D.O. in order to take the required certification exam in the first place.

Certification is also available for subspecialties of psychiatry, if you’re interested. However, keep in mind that all certifications are valid for 10 years. One must complete continuing education requirements and self-assessments to maintain certification thereafter. Generally, 30 hours of continuing education are required annually. Such requirements keep psychiatrists current with new developments and standards within the field. To learn more about how you can maintain your certification, be sure to check out the ABPN’s “Maintenance of certification program.”

And with that, you’re all set! You’ve now completed all the necessary steps in becoming and maintaining your role as a psychiatrist. Congrats!

As we send you off, we wish you the best in your psychiatry journey. With hard work, you’ll certainly be able to achieve your goals of helping others. Although it may take some time, you’ll learn a lot on the way there. Good luck!

Frequently asked questions 

How many years does it take to become a psychiatrist?

Typically, it takes around 12 years to become a psychiatrist. Roughly, this includes four years of undergraduate schooling, four years to finish medical school, and another four years to complete a psychiatry residency and attain psychiatric board certification. Further optional training and specialization may add a few more years onto this time, however. 

Do psychiatrists get paid well?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, psychiatrists made an average of $217,100 in 2020. However, this average varied across industries, with some psychiatrists making more than others. Those working in physicians’ offices made an average salary of $210,390 in 2020.  Psychiatrists in medical and surgical hospitals made $193,670, while those in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals made roughly $232,550. Psychiatrists working in outpatient care centers made an average of $249,260.

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